• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a rectangular building element (1) comprising a surface plate (10) forming a first blade surface (2) located opposite the second blade surface (3) of the building element; a first edge surface (4) located opposite the second edge surface; a third edge surface (6) located opposite the fourth edge surface; and a thermal insulation material (8a) between the first blade surface (2) and the second blade surface (3). In order for the building element (1) to be able to effectively attenuate the sound from different sound transmitters, the thermal insulation material comprises building foam (8a), and the building element (1) comprises a plurality of spaced (L2) spaced rectangular elongate support structures (9). (L1) from the lower surface of the surface plate (10) by means of building foam (8a), further comprising sand between adjacent support structures (9) forming sound-insulating adjacent sand layers (8b) between the support structures, supported from below by the building foam (8a) construction foam.
    公开号:FI20195616A1
    申请号:FI20195616
    申请日:2019-07-05
    公开日:2021-01-06
    发明作者:Reijo Taipale
    申请人:Taipale Johanna；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a rectangular building element comprising a surface plate forming a first flap surface opposite to the second flap surface of the building element; a first edge surface on the first edge opposite to the second edge surface on the second edge; a third edge surface on the third edge opposite to the fourth edge surface on the fourth edge; and a thermal insulation material between the first blade surface and the second blade surface.
    The building element can typically be an intermediate floor element, an upper floor slab or a lower floor element (floor element). Building elements of the type mentioned above are well known and their detailed structure can vary greatly in practice.
    The thermal insulation material in the building elements is mineral wool or glass wool and is intended, as the name implies, to insulate the heat transfer between the opposite shoulder surfaces of the building element.
    Although the thermal insulation material also has a sound insulating property, in practice the sound insulation property is modest.
    In particular, if the building element is used as an intermediate floor element, it is generally known that the sound insulation properties against frame sounds are not as good as is desirable.
    In practice, this is manifested in the fact that in an apartment building, the sound moves vertically from one floor / apartment to another.
    Although hollow core slabs provide better sound insulation than wooden frame elements, concrete elements are also not able to effectively prevent the transfer of sound from one layer to another when the sound is caused by sticks to the top of the concrete slab, for example when walking on high heels or hard soles. with shoes on a concrete slab.
    In this case, when walking on the upper floor, <Q footsteps are heard as nasty knocks downstairs.
    It is an object of the present invention to provide a new building element which has in practice a substantially better sound insulation capacity than known building elements. © & BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a building element, in particular for use in building construction, which is capable of effectively isolating sound consisting of various sound transmitters, including step sound.
    This object of the invention is achieved by a building element of the type described above, which according to the invention is characterized in that the thermal insulation material comprises building foam; the building element comprises a plurality of spaced apart rectangular elongate support structures extending in a vertical position between the first edge surface and the second edge surface of the building element; the support structures are bonded together with building foam; the upper surfaces of the support structures are arranged at a distance from the lower surface of the surface plate by means of construction foam; between the adjacent support structures there is sand which forms sound-insulating adjacent sand layers between the support structures, which are supported from below by the building foam and which are covered by the building foam.
    Preferably, the sand layers extend from the first edge surface of the building element to the second edge surface, because then they provide the best sound insulation over the entire length of the building element.
    Preferably, the support structures support the sand layers from the side, because then the manufacture of the building element is easy.
    Preferably, the outermost opposing support structures of the building element are located on the edges of the building element, whereby as hard elements compared to the building foam, they protect the edges of the building elements from impacts.
    Preferably, the support structures of the building element extend from the first edge surface of the building element to the second edge surface, since they then stiffen the building element along its entire length.
    Preferably, the grain size of the sand in the sand layers is 0 to 4 mm, as this provides good sound insulation. The larger the grain size, the worse the sound insulation.
    Preferably, the lower part of the building element comprises a lower plate, the lower surfaces of the support structures being arranged at a distance from the upper surface of the lower plate by means of construction foam. The bottom plate makes the building element workable for construction. better at the point of use of the element by reducing its risk of breakage during, inter alia, 7 installation. In addition, the bottom panel can act as an internal ceiling when the building board is an intermediate floor element or a roof element. Construction foam dampens the transfer of sound E from the bottom plate to the support structures. © Preferably, the total width of the sand layers is 50-90% of the width of the building element. This provides effective sound attenuation against shocks. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.
    A great advantage of the building element according to the invention is that it is able to attenuate the sound coming from different sound transmitters very effectively.
    In particular, it provides good sound insulation against body sounds, such as impact bumps, but also provides good sound insulation against airborne sounds.
    It also provides good thermal insulation.
    Furthermore, it is easily manufactured industrially.
    Another advantage of the building element is that it is not light due to the sand layers.
    It is often an advantage that the building elements are not very light; the weight of the building elements aggravates the structure / building provided by the elements.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Figure 1 shows a building element according to the invention in perspective, Figure 2 shows the bottom of the building element of Figure 1 reduced (50% reduction) compared to Figure 1, Figure 3 shows a support structure used in , Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a building element according to the invention in a perspective view, Fig. 5 shows the bottom of the building element of Fig. 4 reduced (50% reduction) compared to Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 shows the support structure used in the building element of Fig. 4.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows a rectangular building element 1 according to the invention, which can be used in buildings as an intermediate floor element or N lower floor element.
    The length of the building element 1 is preferably 5 to 10 m, the width S is preferably 2 to 3.5 m and the height (thickness) is preferably 0.3 to 1 m. 2 The interior of the building element 1 has building foam 8a which acts as = thermal insulation and binds structure unified.
    Polystyrene or polyurethane can be used as the construction foam 8a - preferably polystyrene.
    The interior is covered by a surface plate k 10, which forms the first flap surface 2 of the building element 1. The surface plate 10 3 is preferably a multi-layered, typically three-layer, building board made of cross-glued softwood chips.
    Such a board is sometimes referred to as an OSB board.
    Instead of OSB, the board can be an MFD board or other compact construction board.
    A plate is not necessarily required at the bottom of the building element 1, so that the second surface of the blade 3 is formed by the bottom surfaces of the support structures 9 in addition to the building foam surfaces.
    Reference numeral 9 denotes an elongate support structure in the building element 1 extending from the first edge surface 4 of the building element to the opposite edge surface of the building element (see reference numeral 5 in Fig. 2). There are several support structures 9 next to each other at a distance L2 from each other and they are bonded to each other by building foam 8a.
    Building foam Ba thus acts as a binder.
    The distance L2 is 300 to 600 mm and the support structures 9 are arranged in parallel.
    The number of support structures 9 depends on the size of the building element 1.
    When the width of the building element 1 is 2 to 3.5 m, the number of support structures is 5-10.
    The opposite longitudinal sides, i.e. the edges 6, 7, of the building element 1 have brackets 9 which protect the edge surfaces from possible impacts during handling and installation of the building element.
    The upper surfaces 11 of the support structures 9 are arranged at a distance L1 from the lower surface of the surface plate 10 of the building element.
    This is important so that the impacts and sounds applied to the surface plate 1 are not caused to the supports 9 and through the supports to the bottom of the building element 1.
    The distance L1 is preferably 20 to 40 mm, so that the height of the support structures 9 is about 20 to 40 mm less than the height of the building element 1.
    There is a construction foam 8a between the lower surface of the surface plate 10 and the upper surface 11 of the support structures 9.
    Preferably, the support structures 9 are wooden.
    They can be solid wood, as shown in Figure 3, or a wood-like material (building, plywood, OSB or similar board). They can be lattice structures, as illustrated in Figure 5. The width of the support structures 9 is 9 to 70 mm, preferably 30 to 50 mm.
    Reference numeral 8b denotes sand layers between the support structures 9.
    The sand layers 8b abut laterally on the brackets 9 and preferably extend D continuously from the first edge surface 4 of the building element 1. to the opposite second edge surface 5. The sand layers 8b, as shown in Fig. 7, extend over the entire width of the building element 1 - except, of course, the width taken by the support structures 9, where the total width of the sand layers is 50-90%, and more preferably 70-90% of the width of the building element 1. .
    An important role of the sand layers 8b is to effectively attenuate the impact sounds transmitted from the upper surface of the building element 1o to the lower surface.
    The sand layers 8b attenuate such sounds much more effectively than the construction foam 8a.
    On the lower N 35 side of the sand layers 8b there is a building foam 8a which supports the sand layers.
    There is also construction foam 8a above the sand layers 8b.
    The thickness of the building foam 8a covering the sand layers 8b is 20 to 50% of the thickness of the building element 1.
    The thickness or height of the sand layers 8b is preferably 60 to 100 mm, but the thickness range may be greater than this, for example 30 to 120 mm.
    It is clear that the thicker the sand layers 8b, the more effectively they attenuate 5 sounds.
    Although good sound insulation is desired, very thick layers of sand make the building elements 1 heavy, which is not always desirable.
    The grain size of the sand used in the sand layers 8b is 0 to 4 mm.
    Due to the fact that the grain size range includes sand with a very small grain size (0 - 1 mm), the ability of the sand to absorb sounds is excellent.
    The grain size of the sand can also be 0-16 mm, but the damping capacity of such sand is not as good as that of the sand with a grain size of 0 to 4 mm.
    The sand in the sand layers 8b is in a fluid form, i.e. the sand grains are not bonded to each other, because the sand in the fluid form is particularly good for sound attenuation.
    In the building element 1 of Fig. 1, there are no significantly larger air spaces between the blade surfaces 2 and 3, because the building foam 8a acts as a structure-filling material, the purpose of which is to bind the structure uniformly.
    Fig. 4 shows a building element 1 'according to the invention, which differs from the building element 1 of Fig. 1 in that its lower part comprises a lower plate 12'. The base plate 12 'may be, for example, a plywood board or an OSB board.
    In addition, the lower surfaces 16 'of the support structures 9 are arranged at a distance L3' from the upper surface of the lower plate 12 'by means of building foam 8a'.
    The distance L3 'is preferably 20 to 50 mm.
    In Fig. 4, reference numerals similar to those in Fig. 1 are used for the corresponding components.
    In the building element 1 'of Fig. 4, the support structure 9' shown in Fig. 6, which is a lattice support structure, is used.
    The advantage of the lattice support structure 9 'is that, thanks to its openings, it can enable the sand layers 8b to be obtained more quickly o (when manufacturing a building element); moreover, the manufacture D of the truss support structure 9 'does not require as much wood as the manufacture of the support structure 9 according to Fig. 3. minen.
    Furthermore, if the building element 1 'comprises lattice support structures 9', the height of the building element 1 'may be lower than in the case where the lattice support structure has a solid wood support structure instead, because the height of the sand layer 8b E may be lower.
    In the embodiment of Fig. 4, of course, the support structure according to Fig. 3 can alternatively be used. 2 Below the lower plate 12 'there is a base plate 13' which is fixed to the lower plate by means of a collar S.
    The base plate 13 'is typically an upholstery board and can be, for example, a gypsum board.
    The collar comprises a plurality of elongate supports 14 'parallel to the support structures 9'.
    The supports 14 'are preferably made of wood or may be provided by a metal profile. According to Fig. 4, the supports 14 'are preferably aligned with the support structures 9' when viewed vertically, as this is technically advantageous for the building element 1. The supports 14 'and the base plate 13' arranged in this way form a plurality of installation channels 15 'extending from the first from the edge surface 4 'to the second edge surface 5' of the building element. The installation channels 15 'are for electric wires, optical cables and the like.
    The building elements 1, 1 'of Figures 1 and 4 preferably have end plates (not shown) which prevent sand from flowing off the edge surfaces of the building element 4,5; 4,5.
    The manufacture of the building element according to the invention is not described in detail here, since its manufacture does not present any difficulties for a person skilled in the art. In the following, the manufacture of the building element 1 will be described only briefly. The manufacturing can be carried out essentially by placing the surface plate 10 of the building element on a base, such as a floor, after which construction foam is sprayed on it. Thus, at the start of manufacture, the surface plate 10 is upside down, i.e. inverted as in Figures 1. The amount of construction foam to be sprayed is such that the height of the expanded and hardened foam is at least about 50 mm, i.e. the height exceeds the above-mentioned distance L1. Before the foam hardens, the support structures 9 must be arranged at a distance L1 from the surface plate 10. After the hardened foam surrounds the lower ends of the support structures 9, sand is laid on top of the foam. The amount of sand is selected so that the desired height is obtained for the sand layers 8b. Thereafter, the construction foam is sprayed on the sand layers 8b to such an extent that, after the construction foam has hardened, it rises to correspond to the height of the support structures 9. The amount of building foam that passes over the support structures o 9 is machined away so that a planar blade D surface 3 is obtained for the building element 1, cf. Fig. 2 (showing a view towards the planar surface of the building element 1). Also, the hardened building foam, which possibly goes over the edge surfaces © 30 6,7 defined by the support structures 9 on the edges of the building element 1, i.e. outside (unless an obstacle is provided for the building foam to burst over the edge surfaces), is machined off. The same applies to building foam, which © exudes outside the edge surfaces 4 and 5. When the building element thus prepared is turned upside down, the building element shown in Fig. 2 is obtained, i.e. the 2 building elements in its operating position. The same building element can have both N 35 polystyrene and polyurethane, in which case the polystyrene is placed at the points where the greatest loads are applied. This is relatively easy to arrange in practice by changing the material to be sprayed between the various work steps of the building board mentioned above. The invention has been described above by way of example only, and it is therefore pointed out that the building element 1, 1 'according to the invention can be obtained in detail in many ways within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, the number and geometry of the support structures 9, 9 'may vary; the exact location of the sand layers 8b, 8b 'in the building element 1 may vary, the material of the surface plate 10 may vary from that shown, etc. The building foam 8a may have a similar molding material instead of polystyrene and polyurethane.
    o O OF OF I LO O
    I a a © © LO O O OF
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    A rectangular building element (1; 1 ') comprising - a surface plate (10; 10') forming a first main surface (2; 2 ") located opposite a second main surface (3; 3") of the building element, - an opposite first edge surface (4; 4 ') located at a fourth edge which is located opposite a second edge surface (5; 5) located at a second edge, - a third edge surface (6; 6') located at a third edge which is located opposite a fourth edge surface (7; 7 ') located at a fourth edge - thermal insulation material between the first main surface (2; 2') and the second main surface (3; 3 '), which thermal insulation material comprises building foam (8a; 8a ') - a plurality of spaced apart rectangular elongate support structures (9; 9) spaced apart (L2; L2 ") from each other, which extend vertically between the first edge surface (4; 4') of the building element (1; 1 ') and the second edge surface (5; 5 "), which - which support structures (9; 9 ') are connected to each other with building foam (8a; 8a') and the upper surfaces (11; 11 ') of the support structures (9; 9') ä r arranged at a distance (L1; L1 ') from the lower surface of the surface plate (10; 10) by means of building foam (8a; 8a'), characterized in that sand is arranged between the adjacent supporting structures (9; 9 ') which forms sound-absorbing sand layers (8b; 8b'). ) between the support structures, which sand layers are supported at the bottom by building foam (8a; 8a ') and which are covered by building foam (8a; 8a').
    [2]
    Building element (1; 1 ') according to claim 1, characterized in that the sand layers (8b; 8b') extend from the first edge surface (4; 4 ') of the building element (1; 1') to the second edge surface (5; 5) . O
    [3]
    Building element (1; 1 ') according to Claim 1, characterized in that the support structures (9; 9') support the sand layers (8b; 8b ') laterally. N
    [4]
    Building element (1; 1 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opposite support structures (9, 9') located adjacent to the edge of the building element (1; 1 ') are located at the building element (1; 1'). third E edge and fourth edge, respectively. ©
    [5]
    Building element (1; 1 ") according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building structures (9; 9 ') thereof extend from the first edge surface (4; 4') of the building element (1; 1") to the second edge surface (5; 5).
    N
    [6]
    Building element (1; 1 ') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface board (10; 10') is a multi-layered building board made of cross-glued coniferous wood chips.
    [7]
    Building element (1; 1 ') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness (S; S') of the sand layers (8b; 8b ') is 30 - 120 mm.
    [8]
    Building element (1; 1 ') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grain size of the sand is 0 - 4 mm.
    [9]
    Building element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower part of the building element (1 ') comprises a lower plate (12), the lower surfaces (16') of the support structures (9 ') being arranged at a distance ( L3 ') from the upper surface of the lower plate (12') by means of building foam (8a ').
    [10]
    Building element (1 '), claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a base plate (13 ") below the lower plate (12'), wherein a bevel consisting of several elongate supports (14 ') is arranged between the lower plate. and the base plate, to which the lower plate and the base plate are attached, the adjacent elongate supports together with the lower plate and the base plate forming a plurality of elongate mounting channels (15 ') extending from the first edge surface (4') of the building element (1 '). ') to the other edge surface (5').
    [11]
    Building element (1 ') according to claim 10, characterized in that the elongate supports (14) are parallel to the elongate support structures (9') and are viewed in a vertical direction in line with the support structures (9 ').
    [12]
    Building element (1; 1 ") according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building foam (8a; 8a ') of the building foam is polystyrene.
    O
    [13]
    Building element (1; 1 ') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water support structures (9; 9') are made of wood.
    N
    [14]
    Building element (1; 1 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its length is 5 - 10 m, its width is 3.5 m, and its m height is 0.3-1 m.
    E
    [15]
    Building element (1; 1 ") according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total width of the sand layers (8b; 8b ') is 50-290% of the width of the building element (1; 1').
    N
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    同族专利:
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    FI128853B|2021-01-29|
    WO2021004731A1|2021-01-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE892509C|1951-07-10|1953-10-08|August Dipl-Ing Schweitzer|Double-shell beam or girder ceiling|
    DE69322639T2|1992-12-28|1999-07-22|Ig Tech Res Inc|FIRE-RESISTANT HEAT-INSULATING PANEL|
    DE19653809A1|1996-12-21|1998-06-25|Lignotrend Holzblocktafel Syst|Wooden construction board for ceilings, walls and roofs|
    DE10227327B4|2002-06-19|2011-06-16|Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.|floor ceiling|
    SE537477C2|2013-09-06|2015-05-12|Panwich Ab|Building elements with first and second cover layers and intermediate core|
    EP3272961A1|2016-07-19|2018-01-24|Martin Opitz|Wooden ceiling element|
    法律状态:
    2021-01-29| FG| Patent granted|Ref document number: 128853 Country of ref document: FI Kind code of ref document: B |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20195616A|FI128853B|2019-07-05|2019-07-05|Construction element|FI20195616A| FI128853B|2019-07-05|2019-07-05|Construction element|
    PCT/EP2020/066587| WO2021004731A1|2019-07-05|2020-06-16|Building element|
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